The Right and the foreshore and seabed deal

Written By: - Date published: 1:33 am, June 19th, 2010 - 14 comments
Categories: business, foreshore and seabed - Tags:

We know that the foreshore and seabed deal does not do what the Maori Party was established to achieve but, almost paradoxically, it may end up giving iwi some powers that will seriously anger non-iwi business.

The foreshore and seabed will remain in Crown ownership, taken without having being purchased from its previous owners. Those former owners, the iwi, will not be able to got to court and win back full title. Instead, they will be able to win customary title, if they can prove continuous exclusive use of the territory since 1840 – a tough standard that National doesn’t think many iwi will be able to achieve over much of the foreshore and seabed.

But the Maori Party is trying to convince its backers that large swathes of the foreshore and seabed will be won back and the rights that will be won are meaningful. Of concern to business are the development veto right and mineral rights. Here’s the NBR’s take under the title ‘Business beware Maori sovereignty landing on a beach near you’:

…Included would be a right to permit activities the veto-wielding power that underpins legalized extortion in rent-seeking without legal recourse to challenge denial of permission.

Local authorities, the Minister of Conservation, the Director-General of Conservation, and requests for foreshore and seabed use or development consents by business interests could be vetoed or simply consigned to limbo by coastal Maori with customary title without any legal redress proposed in the RFSA.

Indeed, coastal Maori tribes endowed with customary title will be allowed to make things up as they go along:

‘When giving, or refusing to give, consent there would be no obligation on the coastal hapu/iwi to make a decision based on criteria or restrictions set out in the relevant legislation.’

‘As with the ‘right to permit activities’ award, the decision of the coastal hapu/iwi to give or refuse consent could be made according to a Maori world view, on grounds which are not covered by the relevant legislation’ (p. 41).

New Zealand’s businesses can hardly be expected to derive much benefit from National setting up a regime of unelected, unaccountable coastal Maori tribal sovereignty for this is what the RFSA’s customary title really proposes.

Now, I say fair enough. It’s really their land, so they should have the right to exclude development on it if they want. And the same goes for mineral rights. But business is deeply worried. The realisation is dawning that wherever iwi can get their customary rights recognised they’ll be able to act as landlords. The veto power and mineral rights will be used to extract rents from businesses. From the business perspective, a new layer of taxation has been imposed based on ancient history… and we know how much the buggers hate tax.

It’s all a bit confusing, the foreshore and seabed deal both doesn’t give iwi what they are after and is seen by businesses wanting to undertake activities like aquaculture, tourism, and undersea mining as imposing an unknown and possibly very large tax from an unaccountable power. This isn’t helped by Chris Finlayson talking out both sides of his mouth – saying that the new deal is symbolic on one hand, and saying customary title is ownership on the other.

Also of concern for business will be the ‘universal recognition’ awards announced earlier this week. These are the second ‘concession’ to the Maori Party that Eddie predicted. There are no details but we’re told that iwi will be able to have their mana over tracts of the foreshore and seabed recognised by court order without needing to meet the same tough standards required to get customary title. It’s an ambiguous concept. National will want its base to see recognition of mana as mere symbolism but to Maori mana is not just a nebulous idea of ‘respect’ and ‘dignity’ it is power, the ability to control the real world. It’ll be interesting to see which definition wins out, but business will be very worried about the implications.

More fuel for the Country Party?

[I wrote this the other day. Since then, the Herald’s editorial has given an account of the rightwing concerns]

14 comments on “The Right and the foreshore and seabed deal ”

  1. ghostwhowalksnz 1

    Just been to a property on the North Shore, where its obvious that about one third of the water front edge has been taken from the estuary. Probably in late 50s or so. There may have been sand or mangroves but the ground was built up with topsoil with mud underneath. The tide would have covered it had there not been a low wall at the front.
    Customary rights pakeha style: we want it we take it.
    Theres another feature to the MPs obsequious to Key and national. The threat to abolish the Maori party seats, its out of sight but could come back at any time. Would Key have the velvet glove over the fist of the reactionaries ? You bet.
    So any time Harawira or Sharples make waves or threaten to walk, then Key would say we would indroduce legislation and go into the next election to get a mandate to pass it.
    Sharples and Turia are modern day ropa for the Key Government

  2. tsmithfield 2

    You seem to be contradicting yourself here Marty.

    On one hand you’re arguing that Maori have only gained token rights with the scrapping of the FSA, so the whole thing is a crock and Maori have been conned.

    On the other hand you’re arguing that they have gained immense power and will be able to extort large sums from businesses wanting to utilize those areas where Maori gain customary title.

    • Marty G 2.1

      I’m arguing that the Maori Party and iwi didn’t get what they set out to get but what they did get will be very worrying for business.

  3. vto 3

    Yes well it will be interesting to see how it pans out. Business people will simply walk away if the standard margins are not available due to excessive ‘rents or taxes’. It’s very simple.

    I would suspect also that you may simply see all of those business / capitalist tendencies so decried on here leaking out through the pores of iwi when they start getting into it.

    I hope it doesn’t become a problem. I suspect it wont. One good thing about such rights is that it will tend to keep the capital and income in NZ rather than drifting away across the seas….

  4. Jenny 4

    Weirdly VOR a conservative Labour Party supporter on this site, agreeing with an earlier post from Marty G. that the Labour Party will probably support this legislation on the grounds that it is hardly different from Labour’s legislation. Is now saying that it should be opposed if it gives veto power over the exploitation of the Seabed and Foreshore to Maori.

    I seriously doubt that this right wing motive for opposing this legislation would go down to well with Maori members of the Labour Party caucus.

    Typically, in his current post Marty G. also seems to be taking the same negative line, unquestioningly assuming that Maori will use their new power to fill their bank accounts, rather than to protect the environment.

    I agree that big business will try and bribe Maori to get their way over exploitation of the Marine environment, but to automatically think that Maori, who after all claim a special relationship with the land and the environment, will automatically turn this into an income stream or “tax” as Marty G. claims, exposes more how Marty regards Maori than anything else.

    • vto 4.1

      ” Maori, who after all claim a special relationship with the land and the environment,”

      That may well be claimed by us/them, but does anyone give it any more credence than most everyone else born to these islands???? Surely a more mature approach to this particular claim is rising.

    • Marty G 4.2

      “Typically, in his current post Marty G. also seems to be taking the same negative line, unquestioningly assuming that Maori will use their new power to fill their bank accounts, rather than to protect the environment.”

      No.I’m saying that business will fear that. Are you watching The Nation right now? Two business commentators talking about exactly these fears.

      • Jenny 4.2.1

        Marty in answer to your question. No I’m afraid I wasn’t watching The Nation. But at your suggestion I have since, here.

        I thought the comment by Te Ururoa Flavell near the end of this piece, that the Coalition Agreement with National, was only up until the elections, was telling.

        It seems to me that the Maori Party are signalling that, were they ever given the choice, they would rather support a left leaning administration than a right leaning one.

        This bodes well for a Labour led administration replacing a National one, next year.

        Hoo ray!

    • The Voice of Reason 4.3

      “VOR a conservative Labour Party supporter”.

      You clearly know fuck all about me, Jenny. I’m actually on the left, as my many comments here amply demonstrate. Don’t let the name fool ya.

      I’ve tried to be ‘above the line’ in my exchanges with you. I’ve done my best to talk to the topic, not the person and while I admire your tenacity over the GST on Food debate, which actually changed my opinion, you leave me cold in the impossible task of spinning a conservative, nationalist and occasionally racist party as part of the left.

      “Is now saying that it should be opposed if it gives veto power over the exploitation of the Seabed and Foreshore to Maori.”

      Nope, never said that. But I’m not going to lower myself to calling you a liar, Jenny. You are simply reading too much into what I did say, which is this:

      “I’m in favour of iwi getting a fair share of the riches, but it does concern me that there appears to be no framework to how deals might be done. I suspect that might be recipe for conflict or corruption, and, at least, will require further legislation.

      So, I can see the left in parliament proposing amendments to new F&S bill to clarify how business can and should be done in areas such as mining or oil exploration. And what an appeals process might look like if a proposal is turned down by Iwi. Potentially, that could mean the left votes against the sections of the legislation or maybe the whole thing. Or just go ‘meh’ and vote for it and wait to see how it turns out.”

      I do not say that F&S mk2 ‘should’ be opposed by the Parliamentary left, merely that it ‘potentially’ might be in part or in whole, because of the ‘veto’, which is vague, open to challenge and likely to make a lot of lawyers very, very rich in the foreseeable future.

      Ma te wa.

      • Jenny 4.3.1

        So VOR you think the Maori Party is only “occasionally racist” now.

        Whether you admit it, you have moved your position after all.

    • Zorr 4.4

      To say that Maori have “a special relationship with the land and the environment” would be right as long as you are remembering that they made a concerted effort to make the Haasts eagle extinct as it was competing with them while they were driving the moa to extinction.

      I am not about to say that Pakeha have any better record – but Maori claiming they are better stewards of the land still needs to be proven.

  5. ianmac 5

    It is very interesting that the Agreement is so full of varied interpretations. Is that deliberate do you think? The general population (me) just know that an Agreement has been reached which cancels the 2004 S&F Act, and replaces it with one which may give more control to some iwi which may include veto and rights to develop commercial operations, like aquaculture. It was aquaculture which started the whole problem in the first place pre 2004.
    Devil in the detail?

    • Marty G 5.1

      definitely. Ambiguity suits both National and the Maori Party. Let’s them promise contradictory things to their bases. But good politics is not always good policy. At some point this will have to resolve.

  6. Jum 6

    Maori don’t nor ever did, own the foreshore and sea bed. Nor does any other sex, creed or colour. But greed will always triumph no matter what sex, creed or colour you are by the sound of it.

Recent Comments

Recent Posts

  • Anzac Commemorative Address – Dawn Service, Gallipoli, Türkiye
    Mai ia tawhiti pamamao, te moana nui a Kiwa, kua tae whakaiti mai matou, ki to koutou papa whenua. No koutou te tapuwae, no matou te tapuwae, kua honoa pumautia.   Ko nga toa kua hinga nei, o te Waipounamu, o te Ika a Maui, he okioki tahi me o ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    5 hours ago
  • PM announces changes to portfolios
    Paul Goldsmith will take on responsibility for the Media and Communications portfolio, while Louise Upston will pick up the Disability Issues portfolio, Prime Minister Christopher Luxon announced today. “Our Government is relentlessly focused on getting New Zealand back on track. As issues change in prominence, I plan to adjust Ministerial ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 day ago
  • New catch limits for unique fishery areas
    Recreational catch limits will be reduced in areas of Fiordland and the Chatham Islands to help keep those fisheries healthy and sustainable, Oceans and Fisheries Minister Shane Jones says. The lower recreational daily catch limits for a range of finfish and shellfish species caught in the Fiordland Marine Area and ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 day ago
  • Minister welcomes hydrogen milestone
    Energy Minister Simeon Brown has welcomed an important milestone in New Zealand’s hydrogen future, with the opening of the country’s first network of hydrogen refuelling stations in Wiri. “I want to congratulate the team at Hiringa Energy and its partners K one W one (K1W1), Mitsui & Co New Zealand ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    2 days ago
  • Urgent changes to system through first RMA Amendment Bill
    The coalition Government is delivering on its commitment to improve resource management laws and give greater certainty to consent applicants, with a Bill to amend the Resource Management Act (RMA) expected to be introduced to Parliament next month. RMA Reform Minister Chris Bishop has today outlined the first RMA Amendment ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    2 days ago
  • Overseas decommissioning models considered
    Overseas models for regulating the oil and gas sector, including their decommissioning regimes, are being carefully scrutinised as a potential template for New Zealand’s own sector, Resources Minister Shane Jones says. The Coalition Government is focused on rebuilding investor confidence in New Zealand’s energy sector as it looks to strengthen ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    2 days ago
  • Release of North Island Severe Weather Event Inquiry
    Emergency Management and Recovery Minister Mark Mitchell has today released the Report of the Government Inquiry into the response to the North Island Severe Weather Events. “The report shows that New Zealand’s emergency management system is not fit-for-purpose and there are some significant gaps we need to address,” Mr Mitchell ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    2 days ago
  • Justice Minister to attend Human Rights Council
    Justice Minister Paul Goldsmith is today travelling to Europe where he’ll update the United Nations Human Rights Council on the Government’s work to restore law and order.  “Attending the Universal Periodic Review in Geneva provides us with an opportunity to present New Zealand’s human rights progress, priorities, and challenges, while ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    3 days ago
  • Patterson reopens world’s largest wool scouring facility
    Associate Agriculture Minister, Mark Patterson, formally reopened the world’s largest wool processing facility today in Awatoto, Napier, following a $50 million rebuild and refurbishment project. “The reopening of this facility will significantly lift the economic opportunities available to New Zealand’s wool sector, which already accounts for 20 per cent of ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    3 days ago
  • Speech to the Southland Otago Regional Engineering Collective Summit, 18 April 2024
    Hon Andrew Bayly, Minister for Small Business and Manufacturing  At the Southland Otago Regional Engineering Collective (SOREC) Summit, 18 April, Dunedin    Ngā mihi nui, Ko Andrew Bayly aho, Ko Whanganui aho    Good Afternoon and thank you for inviting me to open your summit today.    I am delighted ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    3 days ago
  • Government to introduce revised Three Strikes law
    The Government is delivering on its commitment to bring back the Three Strikes legislation, Associate Justice Minister Nicole McKee announced today. “Our Government is committed to restoring law and order and enforcing appropriate consequences on criminals. We are making it clear that repeat serious violent or sexual offending is not ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    3 days ago
  • New diplomatic appointments
    Foreign Minister Winston Peters has today announced four new diplomatic appointments for New Zealand’s overseas missions.   “Our diplomats have a vital role in maintaining and protecting New Zealand’s interests around the world,” Mr Peters says.    “I am pleased to announce the appointment of these senior diplomats from the ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    3 days ago
  • Humanitarian support for Ethiopia and Somalia
    New Zealand is contributing NZ$7 million to support communities affected by severe food insecurity and other urgent humanitarian needs in Ethiopia and Somalia, Foreign Minister Rt Hon Winston Peters announced today.   “Over 21 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance across Ethiopia, with a further 6.9 million people ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    3 days ago
  • Arts Minister congratulates Mataaho Collective
    Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage Paul Goldsmith is congratulating Mataaho Collective for winning the Golden Lion for best participant in the main exhibition at the Venice Biennale. "Congratulations to the Mataaho Collective for winning one of the world's most prestigious art prizes at the Venice Biennale.  “It is good ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    4 days ago
  • Supporting better financial outcomes for Kiwis
    The Government is reforming financial services to improve access to home loans and other lending, and strengthen customer protections, Commerce and Consumer Affairs Minister Andrew Bayly and Housing Minister Chris Bishop announced today. “Our coalition Government is committed to rebuilding the economy and making life simpler by cutting red tape. We are ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    4 days ago
  • Trade relationship with China remains strong
    “China remains a strong commercial opportunity for Kiwi exporters as Chinese businesses and consumers continue to value our high-quality safe produce,” Trade and Agriculture Minister Todd McClay says.   Mr McClay has returned to New Zealand following visits to Beijing, Harbin and Shanghai where he met ministers, governors and mayors and engaged in trade and agricultural events with the New ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    4 days ago
  • PM’s South East Asia mission does the business
    Prime Minister Christopher Luxon has completed a successful trip to Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines, deepening relationships and capitalising on opportunities. Mr Luxon was accompanied by a business delegation and says the choice of countries represents the priority the New Zealand Government places on South East Asia, and our relationships in ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    5 days ago
  • $41m to support clean energy in South East Asia
    New Zealand is demonstrating its commitment to reducing global greenhouse emissions, and supporting clean energy transition in South East Asia, through a contribution of NZ$41 million (US$25 million) in climate finance to the Asian Development Bank (ADB)-led Energy Transition Mechanism (ETM). Prime Minister Christopher Luxon and Climate Change Minister Simon Watts announced ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    6 days ago
  • Minister releases Fast-track stakeholder list
    The Government is today releasing a list of organisations who received letters about the Fast-track applications process, says RMA Reform Minister Chris Bishop. “Recently Ministers and agencies have received a series of OIA requests for a list of organisations to whom I wrote with information on applying to have a ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    6 days ago
  • Judicial appointments announced
    Attorney-General Judith Collins today announced the appointment of Wellington Barrister David Jonathan Boldt as a Judge of the High Court, and the Honourable Justice Matthew Palmer as a Judge of the Court of Appeal. Justice Boldt graduated with an LLB from Victoria University of Wellington in 1990, and also holds ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    6 days ago
  • Education Minister heads to major teaching summit in Singapore
    Education Minister Erica Stanford will lead the New Zealand delegation at the 2024 International Summit on the Teaching Profession (ISTP) held in Singapore. The delegation includes representatives from the Post Primary Teachers’ Association (PPTA) Te Wehengarua and the New Zealand Educational Institute (NZEI) Te Riu Roa.  The summit is co-hosted ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    6 days ago
  • Value of stopbank project proven during cyclone
    A stopbank upgrade project in Tairawhiti partly funded by the Government has increased flood resilience for around 7000ha of residential and horticultural land so far, Regional Development Minister Shane Jones says. Mr Jones today attended a dawn service in Gisborne to mark the end of the first stage of the ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    6 days ago
  • Anzac commemorations, Türkiye relationship focus of visit
    Foreign Affairs Minister Winston Peters will represent the Government at Anzac Day commemorations on the Gallipoli Peninsula next week and engage with senior representatives of the Turkish government in Istanbul.    “The Gallipoli campaign is a defining event in our history. It will be a privilege to share the occasion ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    6 days ago
  • Minister to Europe for OECD meeting, Anzac Day
    Science, Innovation and Technology and Defence Minister Judith Collins will next week attend the OECD Science and Technology Ministerial conference in Paris and Anzac Day commemorations in Belgium. “Science, innovation and technology have a major role to play in rebuilding our economy and achieving better health, environmental and social outcomes ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    6 days ago
  • Comprehensive Partnership the goal for NZ and the Philippines
    Prime Minister Christopher Luxon held a bilateral meeting today with the President of the Philippines, Ferdinand Marcos Jr.  The Prime Minister was accompanied by MP Paulo Garcia, the first Filipino to be elected to a legislature outside the Philippines. During today’s meeting, Prime Minister Luxon and President Marcos Jr discussed opportunities to ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    7 days ago
  • Government commits $20m to Westport flood protection
    The Government has announced that $20 million in funding will be made available to Westport to fund much needed flood protection around the town. This measure will significantly improve the resilience of the community, says Local Government Minister Simeon Brown. “The Westport community has already been allocated almost $3 million ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Taupō takes pole position
    The Government is proud to support the first ever Repco Supercars Championship event in Taupō as up to 70,000 motorsport fans attend the Taupō International Motorsport Park this weekend, says Economic Development Minister Melissa Lee. “Anticipation for the ITM Taupō Super400 is huge, with tickets and accommodation selling out weeks ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Cost of living support for low-income homeowners
    Local Government Minister Simeon Brown has announced an increase to the Rates Rebate Scheme, putting money back into the pockets of low-income homeowners.  “The coalition Government is committed to bringing down the cost of living for New Zealanders. That includes targeted support for those Kiwis who are doing things tough, such ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Government backing mussel spat project
    The Coalition Government is investing in a project to boost survival rates of New Zealand mussels and grow the industry, Oceans and Fisheries Minister Shane Jones has announced. “This project seeks to increase the resilience of our mussels and significantly boost the sector’s productivity,” Mr Jones says. “The project - ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Government focused on getting people into work
    Benefit figures released today underscore the importance of the Government’s plan to rebuild the economy and have 50,000 fewer people on Jobseeker Support, Social Development and Employment Minister Louise Upston says. “Benefit numbers are still significantly higher than when National was last in government, when there was about 70,000 fewer ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Clean energy key driver to reducing emissions
    The Government’s commitment to doubling New Zealand’s renewable energy capacity is backed by new data showing that clean energy has helped the country reach its lowest annual gross emissions since 1999, Climate Change Minister Simon Watts says. New Zealand’s latest Greenhouse Gas Inventory (1990-2022) published today, shows gross emissions fell ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Earthquake-prone buildings review brought forward
    The Government is bringing the earthquake-prone building review forward, with work to start immediately, and extending the deadline for remediations by four years, Building and Construction Minister Chris Penk says. “Our Government is focused on rebuilding the economy. A key part of our plan is to cut red tape that ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Thailand and NZ to agree to Strategic Partnership
    Prime Minister Christopher Luxon and his Thai counterpart, Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin, have today agreed that New Zealand and the Kingdom of Thailand will upgrade the bilateral relationship to a Strategic Partnership by 2026. “New Zealand and Thailand have a lot to offer each other. We have a strong mutual desire to build ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Government consults on extending coastal permits for ports
    RMA Reform Minister Chris Bishop and Transport Minister Simeon Brown have today announced the Coalition Government’s intention to extend port coastal permits for a further 20 years, providing port operators with certainty to continue their operations. “The introduction of the Resource Management Act in 1991 required ports to obtain coastal ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Inflation coming down, but more work to do
    Today’s announcement that inflation is down to 4 per cent is encouraging news for Kiwis, but there is more work to be done - underlining the importance of the Government’s plan to get the economy back on track, acting Finance Minister Chris Bishop says. “Inflation is now at 4 per ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • School attendance restored as a priority in health advice
    Refreshed health guidance released today will help parents and schools make informed decisions about whether their child needs to be in school, addressing one of the key issues affecting school attendance, says Associate Education Minister David Seymour. In recent years, consistently across all school terms, short-term illness or medical reasons ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Unnecessary bureaucracy cut in oceans sector
    Oceans and Fisheries Minister Shane Jones is streamlining high-level oceans management while maintaining a focus on supporting the sector’s role in the export-led recovery of the economy. “I am working to realise the untapped potential of our fishing and aquaculture sector. To achieve that we need to be smarter with ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Patterson promoting NZ’s wool sector at International Congress
    Associate Agriculture Minister Mark Patterson is speaking at the International Wool Textile Organisation Congress in Adelaide, promoting New Zealand wool, and outlining the coalition Government’s support for the revitalisation the sector.    "New Zealand’s wool exports reached $400 million in the year to 30 June 2023, and the coalition Government ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • Removing red tape to help early learners thrive
    The Government is making legislative changes to make it easier for new early learning services to be established, and for existing services to operate, Associate Education Minister David Seymour says. The changes involve repealing the network approval provisions that apply when someone wants to establish a new early learning service, ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago
  • RMA changes to cut coal mining consent red tape
    Changes to the Resource Management Act will align consenting for coal mining to other forms of mining to reduce barriers that are holding back economic development, Resources Minister Shane Jones says. “The inconsistent treatment of coal mining compared with other extractive activities is burdensome red tape that fails to acknowledge ...
    BeehiveBy beehive.govt.nz
    1 week ago

Page generated in The Standard by Wordpress at 2024-04-25T07:44:31+00:00